{"database": "press", "table": "releases", "rows": [["https://web.archive.org/web/20140221002845/http://www.vitter.senate.gov/newsroom/press/brown-vitter-and-levin-urge-regulators-to-increase-capital-requirements", "Brown, Vitter and Levin Urge Regulators to Increase Capital Requirements", "2013-11-22", "2013", "2013-11", "Republican", "House", "LA", "David Vitter", "V000127", "web.archive.org", null, null, "legacy", "Brown, Vitter and Levin Urge Regulators to Increase Capital Requirements\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tFriday, November 22, 2013\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t(Washington D.C.) Today, U.S. Sens. Sherrod Brown (D-OH), David Vitter (R-LA), and Carl Levin (D-MI) sent a letter urging the Federal Reserve, Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), and the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) to strengthen their proposed supplementary leverage ratio in order to reduce future government support, eliminating the possibility of \u201ctoo big to fail\u201d policies in the future.\n\u201cWe write to your agencies today to urge you to help prevent the next financial crisis, and ensuing bailouts, by strengthening your proposed enhanced supplementary leverage ratio for the largest financial institutions,\u201d the Senators wrote. \u201cYour proposals make very positive steps in the right direction, but without further strengthening they will not provide adequate protection for taxpayers. We urge you, in the strongest terms possible, to consider a higher final leverage ratio. We feel this proposal along with your proposal on a capital surcharge for the largest banks must move forward thoughtfully and aggressively.\u201d\nDespite receiving assistance from taxpayers in 2008, today, the nation\u2019s four largest banks\u2014JPMorgan Chase, Bank of America, Citigroup, and Wells Fargo\u2014are nearly $2 trillion larger today than they were before the crisis. Their growth has been aided by an implicit guarantee\u2014funded by taxpayers and awarded by virtue of their size\u2014as the market knows that these institutions have been deemed \u201ctoo big to fail.\u201d\nBrown and Vitter recently released the findings of the first of two reports by the Governmental Accountability Office (GAO) on the federal government\u2019s bailout of large financial institutions during the 2007-2008 financial crisis. Senators Brown and Vitter have introduced the Terminating Bailouts for Taxpayer Fairness Act; legislation that would require the largest and most interconnected financial institutions to maintain a 15 percent capital ratio to ensure taxpayers will not serve as the backstop for risky investments.\nFull text of the senators\u2019 letter follows:\n  The Honorable Ben S. Bernanke  Chairman  Board of Governors of the   Federal Reserve System  Washington, D.C. 20551\nThe Honorable Martin J. Gruenberg  Chairman  Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation  550 17th Street, N.W.  Washington, D.C. 20429\nThe Honorable Thomas J. Curry  Comptroller of the Currency  Administrator of National Banks  Washington, D.C. 20219\nDear Chairman Bernanke, Chairman Gruenberg, and Comptroller Curry:\nLarge, over-leveraged financial institutions were central to the 2008 financial crisis that nearly collapsed our nation\u2019s economy. When the assets of these largest banks declined in value, they did not have enough of their own capital to cover their losses, and instead relied upon unprecedented efforts by your agencies and taxpayer bailouts to stay afloat. Simpler, more robust capital rules will properly align incentives for large financial institutions by lessening government support for the financial sector and reassure financial markets that the U.S. financial system is healthy.\nWe write to your agencies today to urge you to help prevent the next financial crisis, and ensuing bailouts, by strengthening your proposed enhanced supplementary leverage ratio for the largest financial institutions. Your proposals make very positive steps in the right direction, but without further strengthening they will not provide adequate protection for taxpayers. We urge you, in the strongest terms possible, to consider a higher final leverage ratio. We feel this proposal along with your proposal on a capital surcharge for the largest banks must move forward thoughtfully and aggressively.\nBecause of the central role that leverage played in the financial crisis, we have been disappointed that the recent international capital accords adopted inadequate leverage requirements for the largest banks. In 2007, the investment banks Bear Stearns and Lehman Brothers would have been compliant with proposed international leverage rules, and yet each would have become insolvent, or nearly insolvent, if the value of their assets declined by as little as three percent. We are encouraged by your agencies\u2019 proposal because we believe that the Basel III framework should serve as a floor, not a ceiling. While we believe that the proposed levels are still inadequate and that you must require a more robust level in order to successfully address the \u201ctoo big to fail\u201d problem, as some have advocated, this move is a step in the right direction. We offer the following comments in response to your proposal.\nFirst, using simple measures of assets and equity is the most effective form of capital regulation. The Bank of England\u2019s Andy Haldane has found the predictive value of simple measures of equity and leverage to be ten times greater than that of complex risk-weighted asset measurements. As you implement your proposal, we urge you to focus on real, loss-absorbing equity. During the crisis, markets ignored certain instruments that qualified as Tier 1 capital but were not reliable buffers against loss and focused upon whether institutions had sufficient levels of common equity.\nWe also believe that institutions\u2019 assets should be measured in the most comprehensive and straightforward manner possible. Risk weights should not be \u201cmanaged\u201d or \u201coptimized\u201d to gain more favorable capital treatment. The Basel Committee recently suggested that making risk-weighted assets calculations less complex would improve capital regulation by making capital ratios more comparable and easier to understand. The Committee has also found that using internal models to calculate risk-weighted assets can incentivize financial institutions to underestimate their capital requirements. Cash and excess reserves must also be included in asset calculations, and derivatives must be accounted for in a realistic manner. The \u201cLondon Whale\u201d episode provided a specific example of a bank altering its internal models to produce lower risk weights and capital; it also showed how many derivative exposures \u2013 especially so-called \u201cportfolio hedges\u201d \u2013 do not function as hedges and can amplify, rather than decrease, risk.\nCapital rules should be designed to take into account the fact that institutions\u2019 crisis planning will never be perfect and that banks are likely to downplay possible problems. The Board of Governors of Federal Reserve System\u2019s recent report on stress testing found that some of the largest institutions remain focused upon meeting regulatory minimum capital ratios; continue to overlook uncertain sources of financial losses; lack appropriate plans to raise capital when faced with financial distress; and design stress scenarios containing overly optimistic assumptions of their perceived strength during a financial crisis. Given this reality, we agree with the view of experts that regulators should focus on financial institutions\u2019 levels of pure tangible common equity to total, non-risk-weighted assets.\nWe agree with Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Vice Chairman Thomas Hoenig that the argument that stronger leverage rules will hurt U.S. competitiveness is \u201cnonsense.\u201d Rather than put our financial sector at a disadvantage, strong leverage rules will serve as a source of strength during turbulent times. Most banks are meeting new, heightened capital requirements by retaining earnings and not cutting their lending, and institutions with higher starting capital ratios have seen their assets grow more quickly over the past four years. Right now, U.S. institutions have a competitive advantage over their international counterparts, both because their competitors are undercapitalized and because the U.S. economy is growing faster than those of other countries. The proposed rule will provide clear benefits to U.S. financial stability and competitiveness, while imposing minimal costs to society.\nIt is also important to remember that community banks did not threaten the economy with their collapse or cause the financial crisis: the big banks did. And it is with that lesson in mind that we appreciate your agencies\u2019 decision to ensure that efforts to protect our economy and taxpayers from being threatened again by the collapse of a too-big-to-fail firm will not unnecessarily impact the smaller banks who don\u2019t engage in non-traditional, riskier capital markets activities.\nJust a few years ago, your agencies, two Presidents, Congress, and the American people were all pressed into the terrible choice of bailing out the largest financial firms or risking the collapse of the economy. We urge you to use your authorities to enhance capital and reduce leverage at the largest financial firms, so that none of us is again faced with such a choice. We commend you on your approach and urge you to strengthen your proposal and begin implementing it as soon as is practicable.\nThank you for considering our views.\n  Sincerely,\n  SHERROD BROWN DAVID VITTER\n  CARL LEVIN", 1, "2026-03-30T12:14:52Z", "2026-03-30T12:14:52Z"]], "columns": ["url", "title", "date", "year", "month", "party", "chamber", "state", "member_name", "bioguide_id", "domain", "scraper", "source", "date_source", "text", "has_text", "collected_at", "updated_at"], "primary_keys": ["url"], "primary_key_values": ["https://web.archive.org/web/20140221002845/http://www.vitter.senate.gov/newsroom/press/brown-vitter-and-levin-urge-regulators-to-increase-capital-requirements"], "units": {}, "query_ms": 1.9984068349003792, "source": "dwillis/congress-press", "source_url": "https://github.com/dwillis/congress-press", "license": "MIT", "license_url": "https://github.com/dwillis/congress-press/blob/main/LICENSE"}